Abstract Few studies on the distribution of oral diseases in older people are available in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and demographic characteristics of oral and maxillofacial lesions in geriatric patients (age ≥ 60 years). A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Biopsy records were obtained from archives of three Brazilian oral pathology centers over a 20-year period. Data on sex, age, anatomical site, skin color, and histopathological diagnosis were collected and analyzed. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to evaluate differences in the frequency of the different oral and maxillofacial lesion groups. A total of 7,476 biopsy records of older patients were analyzed. Most cases were diagnosed in patients aged 60 to 69 years (n = 4,487; 60.0%). Females were more affected (n = 4,403; 58.9%) with a female-to-male ratio of 1:0.7 (p < 0.001). The tongue (n = 1,196; 16.4%), lower lip (n = 1,005; 13.8%), and buccal mucosa (n = 997; 13.7%) were the most common anatomical sites. Reactive and inflammatory lesions (n = 3,840; 51.3%) were the most prevalent non-neoplastic pathologies (p < 0.001), followed by cysts (n = 475; 6.4%). Malignant neoplasms were more frequent (n = 1,353; 18.1%) than benign neoplasms (n = 512; 6.8%). Fibrous/fibroepithelial hyperplasia (n = 2,042; 53.2%) (p < 0.001) and squamous cell carcinoma (n = 1,191; 88.03%) (p < 0.001) were the most common oral lesions in older adults. Biopsy data allow the accurate characterization of the prevalence of oral and maxillofacial lesions, supporting the development of public health policies that can enable the prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment of these lesions. Also, they bring valuable information that helps dentists and geriatricians diagnose these diseases.

Abstract Dermoid cysts (DCs) and epidermoid cysts (ECs) are uncommon developmental cysts affecting the oral cavity. This study aims to evaluate patients with oral DCs and ECs and their demographic and clinicopathologic features. A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 105,077 biopsy records of oral and maxillofacial lesions from seven Brazilian oral pathology centers were analyzed. All cases diagnosed as oral DCs and ECs were reviewed, and clinical, demographic, and histopathological data were collected. The series comprised 32 DCs (31.4%) and 70 ECs (68.6%). Most of the DCs occurred on the floor of the mouth (n = 14; 45.2%) of women (n = 17; 53.1%) with a mean age of 34.6 ± 21.6 years. All DCs were lined partially or entirely by stratified squamous epithelium (100%). Chronic inflammatory cells, melanin pigmentation, multinucleated giant cell reaction, and cholesterol clefts were observed in the fibrous capsule . Most of the ECs affected the labial mucosa (n = 20; 31.7%) of men (n = 39; 56.5%) with a mean age of 48.0±19.8 years. Microscopically, most ECs (n = 68; 97.1%) were lined entirely by stratified squamous epithelium. Two cysts (2.9%) showed areas of respiratory metaplasia. Chronic inflammatory cells, melanin pigmentation, multinucleated giant cell reaction, and cholesterol clefts were also observed in the fibrous capsule. Conservative surgical excision was the treatment of choice in all cases. Oral DCs and ECs are uncommon and often clinically misdiagnosed lesions. Clinicians should consider DCs and ECs in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue lesions in the oral cavity, mainly located on the floor of the mouth and labial mucosa.

RESUMO O fibroma ossificante periférico (FOP) é uma lesão benigna, nodular, firme à palpação, de base séssil ou pediculada, com coloração semelhante à mucosa e ao epitélio; pode estar íntegro ou ulcerado. Prevalece no gênero feminino e acomete exclusivamente a gengiva. Associa-se a fatores irritantes, como cárie, cálculo dentário, entre outros. O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar o caso de uma paciente de 27 anos de idade, que apresentou lesão em mandíbula, queixando-se de aumento de volume. A excisão cirúrgica foi o tratamento de escolha. A paciente encontra-se com 24 meses de pós-operatório, sem sinais de recidiva.

ABSTRACT Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a benign lesion, nodular, firm on palpation; the base is sessile or pedunculated; similar in color to the mucosa and epithelium; it may be preserved or ulcerated. It is prevalent in female and exclusively affects the gingiva. It is usually associated with irritating factors such as caries, dental plaque, among others. The objective of the present study is to report the case of a 27-years-old female patient, presenting a lesion in the mandible, complaining of an increased volume. Surgical excision was the treatment of choice. The patient is 24 months postoperatively with no signs of relapse.

RESUMEN El fibroma osificante periférico es una lesión benigna, nodular, firme a la palpación, de base sésil o pediculada, de color similar a la mucosa y al epitelio; puede estar intacto o ulcerado. Se observa más en mujeres y acomete solamente la encía. La lesión se asocia a factores irritantes, como caries, cálculo dental, entre otros. El objetivo del presente estudio es reportar el caso de una paciente de 27 años de edad, que ha presentado lesión en la mandíbula, quejando-se de aumento de volumen. La escisión quirúrgica ha sido el tratamiento de elección. La paciente encuentra se con 24 meses de postoperatorio, sin señales de recidva.

RESUMO Introdução: Lipomas são tumores benignos de tecido mole comumente encontrados no corpo humano. Embora comuns na região de cabeça e pescoço, são raros na região da cavidade oral, representando apenas 1% a 4% das lesões benignas manifestadas nessa cavidade. Objetivo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar as características clínicas e histopatológicas de lipomas de cavidade oral; os materiais coletados foram submetidos a análise histopatológica em um laboratório de patologia da cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Métodos: Dados referentes aos últimos 10 anos, como gênero, idade, localização anatômica, diagnóstico clínico e subtipos histopatológicos, foram coletados de todos os casos de lesões orais diagnosticados como lipoma e confirmados através de exames histopatológicos. Resultados: Durante o período avaliado, 101 casos foram diagnosticados como lipomas, representando 1,01% das biópsias de cavidade oral. O sexo feminino foi o mais acometido, com proporção homem/mulher de 1:1,8, e pico de incidência entre 50 e 70 anos de vida. A mucosa jugal foi a região anatômica mais afetada, seguida do lábio inferior. Lipoma clássico e fibrolipoma foram as variantes histológicas de lipoma mais encontradas na cavidade oral, com 64 casos de lipoma clássico e 29 de fibrolipoma. Outras variantes histológicas encontradas foram sialolipoma, angiolipoma, condrolipoma, mixolipoma e lipoma intramuscular. Conclusão: Os lipomas são lesões incomuns em cavidade oral e apresentam maior prevalência em mucosa jugal de adultos, com idades entre 50 e 70 anos, além de manifestarem predileção pelo sexo feminino.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Lipomas are benign soft tissue tumors commonly found in the human body. Although common in the head and neck region, in the oral cavity region they are uncommon, accounting for only 1% to 4% of benign oral cavity lesions. Objective: This study aims to identify the clinical and histopathological characteristics of oral cavity lipomas subjected to histopathological analysis at a pathology laboratory in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Methods: Data from all cases of oral lesions diagnosed as lipoma and confirmed by histopathological examination over a period of 10 years were collected, including: gender, age, anatomical location, clinical diagnosis and histopathological subtypes. Results: During the period evaluated, 101 cases were diagnosed as lipomas, representing 1.01% of oral cavity biopsies. Females were more affected, with a male/female ratio of 1: 1.8, and with a peak of incidence between 50 and 70 years of age. The buccal mucosa was the most affected anatomical region, followed by the lower lip. Classic lipoma and fibrolipoma were the histological variants of lipoma most commonly found in the oral cavity, with 64 cases of classic lipoma and 29 cases of fibrolipoma. Other histological variants were: sialolipoma, angiolipoma, chondrolipoma, myxolipoma and intramuscular lipoma. Conclusion: Lipomas are uncommon lesions in the oral cavity, which present a higher prevalence in the buccal mucosa of adults, aged between 50 and 70 years, and with higher female preference.

RESUMEN Introducción: Lipomas son tumores benignos del tejido blando comúnmente encontrados en el cuerpo humano. Aunque comunes en la región de la cabeza y cuello, son raros en la cavidad oral, representando solo del 1% al 4% de las lesiones benignas en esa cavidad. Objetivo: El presente estudio pretende identificar las características clínicas e histopatológicas de lipomas de la cavidad oral; los materiales recolectados fueron analizados en un laboratorio de patología de la ciudad de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Métodos: Datos relativos a los últimos 10 años, como género, edad, localización anatómica, diagnóstico clínico y subtipos histopatológicos, se recolectaron de todos los casos de lesiones orales con el diagnóstico de lipoma confirmado mediante exámenes histopatológicos. Resultados: A lo largo del período evaluado, 101 casos fueron diagnosticados como lipomas, representando el 1,01% de las biopsias de la cavidad oral. El sexo femenino fue lo más afectado, con proporción hombre/mujer de 1:1,8, y pico de incidencia entre 50 y 70 años de vida. La mucosa yugal fue la región anatómica más afectada, seguida del labio inferior. Lipoma clásico y fibrolipoma fueron las variantes histológicas de lipoma más encontradas en la cavidad oral, con 64 casos de lipoma clásico y 29 de fibrolipoma. Otras variantes histológicas encontradas fueron sialolipoma, angiolipoma, condrolipoma, mixolipoma y lipoma intramuscular. Conclusión: Los lipomas son lesiones poco frecuentes en la cavidad oral y presentan mayor prevalencia en mucosa yugal de adultos con edades entre los 50 y los 70 años de vida, además de manifestaren preferencia por el sexo femenino.